Unit II — Phenols, Aromatic Amines and Diazonium Salts
Explore the preparation, properties, acidity and reactions of phenols, the basicity of aromatic amines, and the preparation, reactions and synthetic applications of aryl diazonium salts through structured, student-friendly learning resources.
Unit II Learning Resources
Study Unit II step by step through structured explanations of phenols, aromatic amines and aryl diazonium salts, including their preparation, important reactions, acidity, basicity, substituent effects and synthetic applications.
A. Phenols
Phenols: Preparation and Important Reactions
Learn the major methods used to prepare phenol, including preparation from chlorobenzene, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts and cumene. Also explore the important chemical reactions and examination points of phenols.
Acidity of Phenols and Effect of Substituents
Understand why phenol shows acidic character, how resonance stabilizes the phenoxide ion, and how electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents affect the acidity of phenols.
B. Aromatic Amines
Basicity of Aromatic Amines and Effect of Substituents
Understand why aromatic amines are basic, why aniline is less basic than aliphatic amines, and how resonance, inductive effects and different substituents influence their basic strength.
C. Aryl Diazonium Salts
Aryl Diazonium Salts: Preparation, Reactions and Synthetic Uses
Learn the preparation of benzenediazonium chloride through diazotization, its important replacement reactions, Sandmeyer and Gattermann reactions, azo-coupling reactions and major synthetic applications.